Rinse the pearl barley under cold water and drain.

In a medium bowl, mix the chicken thighs with olive oil, thyme, paprika, salt, and pepper.

Preheat the air fryer to 375°F (190°C).

Place the seasoned chicken thighs in the air fryer basket and cook for 15 minutes.

While the chicken is cooking, combine the rinsed barley, chicken broth, diced onion, garlic, carrots, and celery in a separate bowl.

After 15 minutes, remove the chicken from the air fryer and set aside. Place the barley mixture into the air fryer basket.

Nestle the chicken thighs on top of the barley mixture. Cook for an additional 10 minutes.

Check the barley for doneness; it should be tender and have absorbed most of the liquid. If necessary, cook for an additional 2-5 minutes.

Remove from the air fryer, fluff the barley with a fork, and serve hot.